Introduction to Linux Computing by Zane J Chua

So I’m sure most of our readers have heard of Linux before? No? Maybe you have seen this linux penguin before?

Tux the Linux Penguin

Nonetheless this is for those of you who have heard of Linux or the many distributions of Linux but perhaps think it’s too complicated or a long list of other reasons why you never used Linux. So now you may ask me, so what in the world is Linux? The straight answer to this question is It’s an Operating System like Windows or Macintosh. Some of you may have never had the chance to utilise Linux but Linux is more prevalent in systems than you think. Have a router, smartphone, network access storage or media streaming player? They all basically have Linux at their core. Let me introduce you to a flavour(distribution) of Linux. It’s called Ubuntu.

The image below is how Ubuntu 14.04 looks like.

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Looks sleek and neat right? You were thinking Linux looked more like white text on a black box right? Like the image below perhaps?

PuTTY logged In

Well this is true in both senses but let’s not delve too deep into that area as that will just complicate things for now. If you want to try out Linux, there are tons of ways to do it but I’m going to propose the simplest way for all of us to do this and that is to use a virtual machine!

So let’s move on to what we need.

1. VirtualBox [link]
2. VirtualBox Extension Pack [link]
3. Ubuntu 32-bit [link]
4. A Working Computer running Windows, OS X
5. Yourself

Now that we have download all of the above, Install VirtualBox as well as the Extension Pack. Get Ready with the Ubuntu ISO you just downloaded and let’s proceed to install Linux!

Create a new Virtual Machine below by pressing on the obviously blue new button.

Initial VirtualBox Screen

Fill up some details about your machine, go crazy here. Suggestion for names: “Superman’s Fortress of Solitude”, “The Bat Cave”, “Winterfell”, “King’s Landing” and many more great ideas you may have. I went with a boring name. Just hit next all the way and proceed with the default options.

VirtualBox Machine Creation

Let’s turn on our Virtual Machine. Press on the bright and beautiful green arrow “Start”.

VirtualBox List of Machines

You will see the below and will have to select the Ubuntu ISO that you previously downloaded.

Default CD Drive Option

I have selected the ISO and we are roaring to go! Hit Start.

Ubuntu ISO selected

The Boot Screen for your Virtual Machine.

VirtualBox Boot Screen

Yay we have booted into the Ubuntu Menu. Let’s proceed straight to Installing Ubuntu. Select the second option with your keyboard and hit enter.

Ubuntu Start Up Menu

You’ll see both options if you let your virtual machine autoboot without seeing the screen above. If that’s the case, just hit on the “Install Ubuntu” button.

Ubuntu Autoload Menu

Ubuntu Installation Checklist

Select the options like in the image below and continue.

Ubuntu Installation Checklist Completed

Erase the whole disk and install Ubuntu.

Ubuntu Partition Options

Select your country.

Ubuntu Time Zone Selector

Select your keyboard layout. Usually it would be English (US) unless perhaps maybe you are special?

Ubuntu Locale and Keyboard Layout Selector

Fill in your name below! We can get creative here again. Some examples could beeeee “Clark Kent, “Bruce Wayne”, “Ned Stark”, “Robert Baratheon” and maaany more you can think of.

Ubuntu Account Creation

Now Ubuntu is beginning to install. It will be done in quite a jiffy.

Ubuntu Installing

Yay! It’s done. Let’s reboot.

Ubuntu Installation Completed

You might see this when it’s rebooting.

Ubuntu Shut Down commands

Oh look! We have just installed Ubuntu on your computer. Time to login with the password that you typed above.

Ubuntu Login Screen

Ubuntu Login Screen

We will need to set-up Guest Additions for Ubuntu to enable some features for VirtualBox. Select the menu below and select Insert Guest Additions CD image….

VirtualBox Guest Additions Selection

The Guest Additions Image will appear as below and all you have to do is click Run Software.

VirtualBox Guest Additions CD

It will give you a warning prompt, just hit Run.

VirtualBox Gues Additions Warning

Your password is required again for this.

VirtualBox Guest Additions Password Prompt

Compiling…

VirtualBox Guest Additions installing

Installation done! Press Enter and it will close the window. We should reboot our Virtual Machine again so at the top right just select reboot.

VirtualBox Guest Additions Installation Completed

Whew. Wow, that was such a long post with so many images. Hopefully the images helped you along the way to put one leg into the Linux Computing world. Ubuntu is a very popular Linux OS that can be installed on almost every Laptop. Now is the time to play around with Ubuntu, try using the Operating System by itself and see if you can figure out some stuff. I’ll write another follow-up post to this one and explore even more of Ubuntu and perhaps we will start that post off with Installing some packages. Have fun with your new Linux System.

If you have any issues, feel free to comment below and I’ll address them there.

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2 Responses to “Introduction to Linux Computing”

  1. Avatar

    Nguyen Quy Hy

    Do you know how to configure RDP for Ubuntu VM on Azure. I tried to install Ubuntu desktop and Xrdp as instructed all over the Internet, but I can only get a blank gray screen with many stripes (show in the image below).
    http://1drv.ms/1n0Adle

    Reply
    • Zane J Chua

      Zane J Chua

      Hello Nguyen,

      The version for Ubuntu on Azure is Ubuntu Server. It’s slightly different from your average Ubuntu Desktop Installation.

      If my memory serves me right you would need to install gnome, kde or some sort of desktop environment for it to even display anything.

      May i know which guides you followed? If i have time, I’ll see if i can replicate the issue and solve it. If i can, I’ll post a tutorial for it here.

      EDIT: I did end up writing a guide for getting RDP to work with Ubuntu Server on Azure. It will be up in a bit. Look out for it!

      Here’s the link if you need it. http://weshipcode.com/developers/remote-desktop-into-ubuntu-server-with-gui-on-windows-azure/

      Zane J.

      Reply

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